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  Python字符串
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  <h1 id="字符串"><a href="#字符串" class="headerlink" title="字符串"></a>字符串</h1><p>基本数据类型之一</p>
<p>定义一个字符串很简单：用<code>&quot;&quot;</code>或<code>&#39;&#39;</code>将字符括起来即可</p>
<h2 id="字符串也可以当作一个列表来使用"><a href="#字符串也可以当作一个列表来使用" class="headerlink" title="字符串也可以当作一个列表来使用"></a>字符串也可以当作一个列表来使用</h2><ul>
<li><p>用索引来取数据</p>
<p>  <code>str[int]</code>可以取到int处索引的单个字符</p>
</li>
<li><p>for遍历每个字符</p>
<p>  <code>for word in str:</code>就是在<code>str</code>字符串中依次将字符代入变量word进行运算</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="字符串用法"><a href="#字符串用法" class="headerlink" title="字符串用法"></a>字符串用法</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">用法及参数</th>
<th align="left">解释</th>
<th align="center">返回值</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">通用方法</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">str[int]</td>
<td align="left">索引取值</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">len(str)</td>
<td align="left">获取字符串长度</td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">str1.count(str2)</td>
<td align="left">在str1中统计str2出现的次数</td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">判断类型</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isspace()</td>
<td align="left">是否只包含空格</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isalnum()</td>
<td align="left">是否全是数字或字母</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isalpha()</td>
<td align="left">是否都是字母</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isdecimal()</td>
<td align="left">是否全是数字(全角数字)</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isdigit()</td>
<td align="left">是否全是数字(全角数字，(1)，\u00b2)</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isnumeric()</td>
<td align="left">是否全是数字(全角数字，汉字数字)</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.istitle()</td>
<td align="left">是否为标题格式</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.islower()</td>
<td align="left">是否全为小写</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.isupper()</td>
<td align="left">是否全大写</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.startswith(str)</td>
<td align="left">是否以str开头</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.endswith(str)</td>
<td align="left">是否以str结尾</td>
<td align="center">bool</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">查找&#x2F;替换</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.find(str,start&#x3D;0,end&#x3D;len(self))</td>
<td align="left">在该对象的索引区间内查找str并返回其索引 <strong>(正序左侧数字型)</strong></td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.rfind(str,start&#x3D;0,end&#x3D;len(self))</td>
<td align="left">在该对象的索引区间内查找str并返回其索引 <strong>(反序右侧数字型)</strong></td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.index(str,start&#x3D;0,end&#x3D;len(self))</td>
<td align="left">在该对象的索引区间内查找str并返回其索引 <strong>(正序左侧报错型)</strong></td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.rindex(str,start&#x3D;0,end&#x3D;len(self))</td>
<td align="left">在该对象的索引区间内查找str并返回其索引 <strong>(反序右侧报错型)</strong></td>
<td align="center">int</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.replace(old,new,num&#x3D;self.count(old))</td>
<td align="left">替换该对象中的old字符为new字符，num为次数</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">大小写转换</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.capitalize()</td>
<td align="left">首字母大写</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.title()</td>
<td align="left">每个单词首字母大写</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.lower()</td>
<td align="left">全部小写</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.upper()</td>
<td align="left">全部大写</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.swapcase()</td>
<td align="left">大小写互换</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">文本对齐</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.ljust(width)</td>
<td align="left"><strong>左</strong>对齐并用<code>space</code>补充长度与<code>width</code>相同</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.rjust(width)</td>
<td align="left"><strong>右</strong>对齐并用<code>space</code>补充长度与<code>width</code>相同</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.center(width)</td>
<td align="left"><strong>居中</strong>对齐并用<code>space</code>补充长度与<code>width</code>相同</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.zfill(width)</td>
<td align="left">在左侧添加”0”至width长度</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">去除空白字符(“ “,”\n”,”\t”,”\t”,”\r”)</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.strip()</td>
<td align="left">截去<strong>两</strong>边空白字符</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.lstrip()</td>
<td align="left">截去<strong>左</strong>边空白字符</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.rstrip()</td>
<td align="left">截去<strong>右</strong>边空白字符</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">拆分和连接</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.partition(str)</td>
<td align="left">拆分成三部分(“str前”,”str”,”str后”)</td>
<td align="center">tuple</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.rpartition(str)</td>
<td align="left">拆分成三部分(“str后”,”str”,”str前”)</td>
<td align="center">tuple</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.split(sep&#x3D;””,num)</td>
<td align="left">以str为分隔符(str默认为’\r’,’\t’,’\n’,’ ‘)，从左至右分割num次</td>
<td align="center">list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.splitlines()</td>
<td align="left">以行(‘\r’,’\n’,’\r\n’)分割，获取一个包含各行的列表</td>
<td align="center">list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.join(data)</td>
<td align="left">以自身为 <em><strong>分割符</strong></em>，将<code>data</code>中的所有元素的字符串形式合并成新的字符串</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">其他</td>
<td align="left">—</td>
<td align="center">—</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">.encode(“(编码类型)”)</td>
<td align="left">对字符串进行解码</td>
<td align="center">str</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="转义字符"><a href="#转义字符" class="headerlink" title="转义字符"></a>转义字符</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">字符</th>
<th align="left">转义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">“\“</td>
<td align="left">反斜杠&#x2F;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“&#39;“</td>
<td align="left">单引号’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“&quot;“</td>
<td align="left">双引号”</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“\t”</td>
<td align="left">横向制表符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“\r”</td>
<td align="left">回车</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">“\n”</td>
<td align="left">换行</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
 
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                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->
 
<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>
 
<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    <div id="music">
    
    
    
    <iframe frameborder="no" border="1" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="200" height="52"
        src="//music.163.com/outchain/player?type=2&id=1329665666&auto=0&height=32"></iframe>
</div>

<style>
    #music {
        position: fixed;
        right: 15px;
        bottom: 0;
        z-index: 998;
    }
</style>
    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>